The tuning fork quartz crystal or clock crystal is one of the oldest quartz crystal designs. Originally used for timekeeping in watches and clocks, tuning forks are now also used in modern electronic products such as computers as real-time clocks (RTCs). Hundreds of millions of these uniquely shaped quartz crystals are produced by global suppliers every year. Tuning fork crystals are available in a variety of sizes to meet design needs, and there is a trend towards smaller surface mount crystal packages every year.
Tuning Fork Quartz Crystal (also known as cylindrical crystal oscillator) refers to a crystal oscillator with a quartz crystal wafer that looks like a tuning fork. It is a quartz crystal resonator that is often used to provide clock frequencies to ensure that electronic devices can work properly. The common frequency of tuning fork crystal oscillators is 32.768KHZ, and the main sizes are ‌DIP:3.0x8.0mm(WQC-TF308), 2.0x6.0mm(WQC-TF206), and are commonly used in remote controls, quartz watches, clocks, computers, home appliance automatic control and industrial automatic control, etc.
As the name suggests, quartz crystals are made of quartz. Traditionally, quartz is a naturally occurring hard mineral, but most quartz today is grown synthetically in autoclaves, which provides a higher standard purity than natural quartz. Quartz is used because it becomes piezoelectric and generates an electrical charge when mechanical pressure and tension are applied. This pressure causes mechanical vibrations that we call frequency.
Quartz needs to be cut at precise angles to initiate specific vibration modes and ensure that the piezoelectric effect works. One of the most common crystal designs is the AT Cut crystal. The frequency of an AT Cut crystal is determined by the thickness of the crystal. For example: the thinner the crystal, the higher the frequency. The vibration quality of the crystal will directly determine whether a parallel or series resonant crystal is required for the crystal oscillator circuit design.
The most common quartz crystal frequency is 32.768kHz. This frequency has become common because when 32.768kHz is divided by 2/15, there is a 1Hz signal. This 1Hz signal will always provide a second. This provides a reliable timekeeping system for the advent of days, dates, and times. The frequency of the classic tuning fork is ultimately a result of simple arithmetic operations and the general conditions of quartz production.
The tuning fork crystal is named because its quartz oscillator is cut into the shape of a tuning fork. It is not because its appearance resembles a tuning fork as some people say on the Internet. Due to technical and process reasons, early tuning fork crystal oscillators were mostly cylindrical, which gave many people the misunderstanding that tuning fork crystal= cylindrical crystal.
With the continuous miniaturization of electronic products, higher requirements are placed on the external dimensions of tuning fork crystal. Tuning fork crystals using surface mounting have also appeared.
WQC-TF206 32.768KHZ quartz crystal/tuning fork crystal/clock crystal/TV crystal/cylindrical crystal is most suitable for relatively economical electronic products, such as children's toys, ordinary household appliances, and can make the product highly reliable even in the field of automotive electronics. It can also be used for the CPU clock signal source part of the safety control device, just like the quartz crystal on the clock microcontroller. Under extremely harsh environmental conditions, the crystal can also work normally, with stable oscillation characteristics, high heat resistance, heat cycle resistance and vibration resistance and other high reliability performance.
The design of the electrode of the quartz crystal product has the following functions for the quartz crystal components: 1. Change the frequency; 2. Lead the electrode to the outside world; 3. Change the resistance; 4. Suppress the noise. Items 1, 2, and 3 are relatively simple, and the design of item 4 is very critical. The shape, size, thickness, and type of electrode (such as gold, silver, etc.) will lead to changes in item 4. In particular, as the size of the crystal chip decreases, there are higher requirements for the shape, size, and accuracy of the chip electrode design---the consistency of the tolerance size and position has an increasing impact on the crystal product, so more precise requirements are put forward for the design of the electrode, quartz watch crystal for clocks, cylindrical package crystal.
WQC-TF206 and WQC-TF308 are direct-insertion ordinary tuning fork crystal resonators (quartz crystal resonators, passive crystal) launched by WEET, which are packaged in metal shells. Their frequencies are both the commonly used frequency of 32.768KHz, and the inflection point temperature is 25±3℃ (the frequency changes the least with temperature near the inflection point), which is very suitable for personal computers and clocks.
These two direct-insertion crystal resonators have low power consumption, and the typical value of the excitation power is only 1.0μW; the commonly used load capacitance is 6pF, 7pF, 9pF, 12.5pF; the frequency tolerance at 25℃ is ±10ppm, ±20ppm.
Product features of TF-206 and TF-308 direct-insert crystal resonators:
Resistor welding type crystal resonator
Standard frequency of 32.768 KHz
Higher frequency pull (change in crystal frequency caused by changes in load conditions) and lower equivalent series resistance (ESR);
Low cost, which can greatly improve production capacity
Pb-free, RoHS compliant
Typical Application of WEET 6A10:
https://www.weetcap.com/Diodes-Rectifiers/WEET_R6_6A05_THRU_6A10.html
1. Power rectification: In small power adapters and chargers, 6A10 is commonly used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This is because it has a reverse voltage capacity of up to 1000 volts, making it very suitable for power conversion in household appliances and personal electronic devices.
2. Motor drive: In the motor control system, 6A10 can be used to rectify the current generated by the motor to provide stable DC power supply. Its high current carrying capacity ensures stable current during motor start-up or high load operation.
3. Solar energy system: In solar power generation systems, 6A10 can be used as a rectifier between components to optimize the electricity generated by solar panels, improve the overall efficiency and stability of the system.
4. Telecommunications equipment: In communication equipment, 6A10 is used to protect circuits and prevent voltage fluctuations or reverse currents from damaging sensitive communication equipment.
5. Automotive Electronics: In automotive electronic products, 6A10 is used to rectify the input of car chargers or other electronic devices to ensure stable DC power supply to the electronic devices.
Main Parameter characteristics of WEET 6A10:
-Maximum reverse voltage: The maximum reverse voltage of 6A10 can reach 1000 volts, which enables it to operate stably in high voltage environments and is very suitable for high-voltage circuit applications.
-Forward current: The forward current of this diode can reach up to 6 amperes, making it suitable for applications carrying large currents, ensuring the efficiency and safety of current transmission in the circuit.
-Maximum forward voltage drop: The forward voltage drop of 6A10 is usually around 1.1 volts, ensuring that the circuit can efficiently transmit current while minimizing energy loss.
-Packaging type: The common packaging form for 6A10 is DO-201AD, which makes it easy to install and beneficial for heat dissipation, improving its reliability and lifespan in high-temperature environments.
-Working temperature: The working temperature range is wide, generally between -65 ° C and 150 ° C, which enables 6A10 to adapt to various extreme environmental conditions and maintain stable performance in working environments ranging from severe cold regions to high temperatures.
BZX55C4V3 is a low-power voltage regulator diode commonly used in various electronic devices.
Its application scenarios are very extensive, and the following will provide a detailed introduction to its parameter characteristics and application scenarios.
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Parameter characteristics of WEET BZX55C4V3:
1. High stability: As a voltage regulator diode, BZX55C4V3 has high stability and can provide stable output voltage under different load conditions.
2. Low power consumption: The low-power characteristics of BZX55C4V3 make it suitable for circuits that require long-term operation, effectively reducing energy consumption.
3. Accurate output: BZX55C4V3 can provide precise output voltage to ensure the normal operation of other components in the circuit.
4. Good temperature stability: BZX55C4V3 can maintain stable performance at different temperatures and is suitable for electronic devices under various environmental conditions.
5. Compact design: The compact design of BZX55C4V3 enables it to be easily integrated into various circuit boards, saving space.
Typical Application of WEET BZX55C4V3:
1. Power stabilization: BZX55C4V3 is commonly used as a power regulator in various electronic devices to ensure stable voltage for all components in the circuit.
2. Signal processing: In signal processing circuits, BZX55C4V3 can be used as a protective component to prevent overvoltage from damaging other sensitive components.
3. Instrument measurement: In the field of instrument measurement, BZX55C4V3 can be used to ensure the accuracy and stability of the measurement circuit.
4. Communication equipment: BZX55C4V3 is often used as a voltage stabilizer in communication equipment to ensure the normal operation of the equipment under different power conditions.
5. Automotive Electronics: In automotive electronic systems, BZX55C4V3 can be used to stabilize the voltage of onboard electronic devices and improve the overall system reliability.
In summary, BZX55C4V3, as a voltage regulator diode, has important application value in various electronic devices. Its high stability and low power consumption make it an ideal choice for many circuit designs.
HER305 is a commonly used fast recovery rectifier diode with a wide range of application scenarios and features.
The following will provide a detailed introduction to its application scenarios and parameter characteristics.
https://www.weetcap.com/Diodes-Rectifiers/WEET_DO27_HER301_THRU_HER308.html
Typical Application of WEET HER305 :
1. Power supply: HER305 is used as a rectifier in power supplies, which can convert AC power into stable DC power and is commonly found in various electronic devices.
2. Electric tools: As the power management component of electric tools, HER305 provides efficient energy conversion function to ensure the normal operation of electric tools.
3. Electric vehicle charger: HER305 plays a role in rectification and reverse protection in the electric vehicle charging system, ensuring charging efficiency and safety.
4. LED driver: HER305 is used for power management of LED lighting systems, ensuring stable current output and ensuring the normal operation of LED lights.
5. Solar photovoltaic inverter: As a rectifier diode in the solar photovoltaic system, HER305 can convert the alternating current generated by the solar panel into direct current and supply it to the inverter.
Main Parameter characteristics of WEET HER305:
1. High voltage resistance: It has a high reverse voltage resistance, ensuring stable operation in complex circuit environments.
2. Fast recovery time: With fast recovery time, it improves rectification efficiency.
3. Low reverse leakage current: Low reverse leakage current reduces energy loss and improves energy efficiency.
4. High temperature working ability: Good high-temperature working ability, suitable for various working environments.
5. High reliability: The manufacturing process is excellent, with high reliability and stability, long-term stable operation, and reduced maintenance costs.
In summary, HER305, as a fast recovery rectifier diode with stable performance and wide applications, plays an important role in the electronic field, providing strong support for the stable operation of various electronic devices.
DB107S products are widely used in various household appliances such as switching power supplies,
LED lighting, integrated circuits, mobile communications, computers, industrial automation control equipment,
automotive electronics, LCD TVs, IoT, smart homes, medical instruments, induction cookers, etc.
https://www.weetcap.com/Diodes-Rectifiers/WEET_DBS_DB101S_THRU_DB107S.html
The difference in usage between MB6S and DB107S: MB6S is a rectifier bridge that operates in the mid to low frequency range,
while DB107S is a high-frequency rectifier bridge that operates in the tens of kilohertz range.
Therefore, in order to replace the fast diode SS14, DB107S must be chosen instead of MB6S.
A rectifier bridge is a device that encapsulates the rectifier tubes within a casing. Divided into full bridge and half bridge.
A full bridge is a circuit that seals four diodes of a connected bridge rectifier circuit together.
Half bridge rectifier is a circuit that combines half of two diode bridge rectifiers together.
Two half bridges can form a bridge rectifier circuit, and one half bridge can also form a full wave rectifier circuit with a transformer and a center tap.
When selecting a rectifier bridge, consideration should be given to the rectifier circuit and operating voltage.
The main difference between aluminum polymer capacitors and traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors
lies in their construction and the electrolyte materials used, which lead to significant differences in their performance:
Electrolyte material:
Traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors typically use liquid electrolytes (such as borate solutions) or in some cases semi-solid paste electrolytes.
Aluminum polymer capacitors use conductive polymers as cathode materials, which are solid electrolytes commonly found in materials such as polypyrrole and polythiophene.
Equivalent series resistance (ESR):
Aluminum polymer capacitors typically have very low ESR due to the high conductivity of solid electrolytes, which makes them more outstanding in high-frequency applications,
effectively filtering out ripple currents and reducing noise.
Traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors have lower high-frequency performance compared to polymer capacitors due to the higher resistance and ESR of liquid electrolytes.
Temperature stability:
The capacitance of polymer capacitors changes little with temperature and has good temperature stability.
Capacitors with liquid electrolytes are greatly affected by temperature, and their capacitance and ESR will vary significantly with temperature.
Lifespan and reliability:
Aluminum polymer capacitors have no liquid leakage or drying problems, reducing the risk of bloating and bursting, longer lifespan, and higher reliability.
The electrolyte of traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors may evaporate or dry over time, leading to a decrease in capacitance value and eventual failure.
Physical form:
Polymer capacitors can achieve smaller size and lighter weight, making them suitable for high-density packaging and miniaturization design.
Traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors may require more space to accommodate and prevent leakage due to the liquid electrolyte.
Applicable fields:
Aluminum polymer capacitors are more suitable for high demand applications such as high-end motherboards, power converters, automotive electronics,
high-frequency communication equipment, etc. due to their superior performance.
Traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors still hold a place in cost sensitive fields with less stringent requirements for volume and performance.
Aluminum polymer capacitors are superior to traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors in terms of high-frequency performance, temperature stability,
lifespan, and reliability, but correspondingly, the cost may also be higher. The choice of which type of capacitor to use depends on the specific application requirements and budget.
Aluminum polymer capacitors play an important role in multiple fields and applications due to their unique performance advantages.
The following are some of the main application areas:
Consumer electronics: In smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other portable devices, aluminum polymer capacitors are used for power management,
decoupling of CPUs and GPUs, and high-frequency filtering to help improve device energy efficiency and stability.
Computer hardware: In motherboards, graphics cards, memory modules, and solid-state drives,
they are used to provide fast response power supply, ensuring high-performance computing and signal purity.
Power Conversion and Adapter: In switching power supplies, AC-DC converters, and DC-DC converters,
aluminum polymer capacitors provide low ESR characteristics that help improve energy efficiency, reduce heat generation, and maintain stable output under high-frequency conditions.
Automotive electronics: In the engine control units, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS),
and infotainment systems of automobiles, their high reliability, wide temperature range, and seismic performance are particularly suitable.
Telecommunications and network equipment: In communication infrastructure such as base stations, routers, and switches,
aluminum polymer capacitors are used for filtering, energy storage, and maintaining signal quality, supporting high-speed data transmission and long-term stable operation.
Renewable energy: In solar inverters and wind power control systems, they help smooth output voltage,
improve energy efficiency, and maintain stable operation in harsh environments.
Medical equipment: In precision medical instruments and monitoring systems, the stability and long lifespan of
aluminum polymer capacitors ensure the reliability of the equipment and patient safety.
Aerospace: In aviation electronic equipment and satellite communication systems,
their high performance and reliability meet the requirements for use in extreme environments.
Preheating the circuit board to reduce thermal shock is a necessary step during welding,
and it is recommended to preheat it to about 100-120 ° C.
The welding temperature should be controlled below 260 ° C and the welding time should be shortened
as much as possible to avoid capacitor failure caused by overheating.
Use appropriate solder and flux, and ensure that the solder joints are uniform to avoid local overheating.
The life span of aluminum polymer capacitors is usually represented by a warranty period of thousands to tens of thousands of hours,
but the actual service life is affected by various factors, including operating temperature, voltage fluctuations, and mechanical stress.
High temperature is the main factor that shortens the lifespan of capacitors, and for every 10 ° C increase,
the lifespan is approximately halved. Voltage fluctuations should be controlled within the rated voltage range,
as over voltage can accelerate aging. In addition, mechanical vibration and impact also need to be considered,
and reasonable design and installation can effectively avoid these problems.
The main advantages of aluminum polymer capacitors include:
Lower equivalent series resistance (ESR) allows them to perform better in high-frequency circuits, effectively filtering out ripple current and noise.
Higher temperature stability, wider operating temperature range, suitable for use in harsh environments.
Don't worry about electrolyte drying up, it has a longer service life and higher reliability.
Not easy to leak and low risk of explosion, as there is no liquid electrolyte, there is a significant improvement in safety.
Small in size and lightweight, suitable for portable electronic devices and high-density assembly applications
Working principle of aluminum polymer capacitors
The core of aluminum polymer capacitors lies in their solid polymer electrolyte, which replaces the liquid electrolyte in traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
This polymer material not only improves the stability and high temperature resistance of capacitors, but also significantly reduces ESR.
When working, the positive electrode is made of aluminum foil, and a layer of aluminum oxide film is formed on the surface as a dielectric;
The negative electrode is made of aluminum foil coated with conductive polymer.
Ionic conduction is achieved between the two poles through solid polymer electrolytes, enabling the storage and release of charges.
This mechanism endows aluminum polymer capacitors with excellent electrical performance.
